Recherche: Nouvelle méthode pour analyser les particules fines – Suisse
Des chercheurs de l'Institut Paul Scherrer (PSI) ont développé une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des particules fines. Cela leur a permis de réfuter la doctrine selon laquelle les molécules contenues dans les poussières fines ne subissent plus de réactions chimiques.
Le promeneur qui sent l'odeur aromatique qui émane d'une forêt de conifères inhale de l'alpha-pinène. C'est l'un des composés organiques volatils présents dans les huiles de conifères. Il est également présent dans l'eucalyptus et le romarin.
Cependant, sous l'action de certains radicaux, l'alpha-pinène est transformé dans l'atmosphère en d'autres composés appelés molécules organiques hautement oxydées. Certaines de ces molécules sont des substances réactives, parfois nocives.
Ils ne sont dans la ligne de mire des chercheurs en atmosphère que depuis quelques années. Avec des particules de poussière et d'autres substances solides et liquides présentes dans l'air, elles forment de fines particules ou aérosols.
Les réactions se poursuivent
"Jusqu'à présent, on pensait qu'une fois trouvées dans les particules fines, les molécules de ce type étaient protégées de nouvelles transformations", explique André Prévôt du laboratoire de chimie atmosphérique du PSI, cité vendredi dans un communiqué de l'institut.
Mais, comme les chercheurs viennent de le démontrer dans la revue Science Advances, ces molécules restent réactives: soit elles réagissent entre elles pour former des molécules plus grosses, soit elles se désintègrent en dégageant, par exemple, de l'acide formique.
Ce composé très répandu se trouve non seulement dans les fourmis et les orties, mais aussi dans l'atmosphère où il est un indicateur important de la pollution atmosphérique.
Nouvel appareil de mesure
Les chercheurs du PSI ont été les premiers à analyser les composés chimiques directement dans les particules fines, dans les conditions atmosphériques. Pour ce faire, ils ont utilisé la «smog room» du PSI dans laquelle il est possible de simuler les processus qui se déroulent dans l'atmosphère.
Les chercheurs ont injecté une petite quantité d'alpha-pinène dans cette chambre et ont permis au composé de réagir avec l'ozone. Pendant 15 heures, ils ont observé ce qui se passait et identifié les composés chimiques qui se sont formés et ceux qui ont finalement disparu.
Ces observations ont été rendues possibles grâce à un appareil appelé spectromètre de masse à temps de vol avec une source d'électropulvérisation extractive, développé en collaboration avec la société Tofwerk, à Thoune (BE), pour effectuer des mesures atmosphériques. Le nouveau dispositif ionise sans fragmentation et permet de détecter chaque molécule séparément.
Mesures à Zurich
La nouvelle méthode d'analyse n'est pas seulement utilisable en laboratoire, elle peut également être utilisée directement sur le terrain. Durant l'hiver 2018/2019 et l'été 2019, les chercheurs du PSI l'ont utilisé pour mesurer les fines particules présentes dans l'air dans la ville de Zurich.
Il s'est avéré qu'en été, les fines particules de Zurich étaient composées pour un bon tiers des produits de réaction d'alpha-pinène et de molécules similaires. En hiver, en revanche, ce sont les émissions des systèmes de chauffage au bois et de leurs produits de réaction qui dominent.
Les chercheurs ont prévu des campagnes de mesure en Chine et en Inde, où ils prévoient de mener des analyses pour identifier les molécules qui se forment dans une métropole de plusieurs millions d'habitants.
Ces observations contribuent également à améliorer les modèles de simulation, par exemple ceux traitant de la formation des nuages et de la pollution atmosphérique, note le PSI. (ats / nxp)
Créé: 13.03.2020, 22h42
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if (data.code == 2) { $('.commentFBlogin').hide(); $('#comment_login_form').hide(); $("#change_phonenumber").show(); setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } else { $("#change_phonenumber").hide(); //$("#commentInfo_noFb").show(); //$("#commentLoggedInEmail").text(data.message); setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); $("#commentLoggedInEmail").show(); if ('user' in data) { auto_login_email(data); } } } }); } }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function commentsForm_phone_change() { var fbFormN_email_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_email_phone_chnage").val()); var fbFormN_telephone_change = $.trim($("#fbFormN_telephone_change").val()); var fbFormN_password_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_password_phone_chnage").val()); var fbForm_customerId = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val());
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "json", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=talkback_phone_change&email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email_phone_chnage)+"&customer_id="+fbForm_customerId+"&password="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_password_phone_chnage)+"&telephone="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_telephone_change), error: function(){ }, success: function(data){ if (data.code == 1) { $("#commentError_email_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#fbFormN_email_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#commentError_telephone_change").hide(); $("#fbFormN_telephone_change").hide(); $("#commentError_password_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#fbFormN_password_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#commentsForm_sms_change_veryfy").hide();
$("#fbFormN_sms_change_Ver").show(); $("#commentsForm_sms_send_change_veryfy").show();
setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } else { setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } } }); }
///////////////////////////////////////////////////
function comments_modifyForm_phone_change() {
var fbFormN_email_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_email_phone_chnage").val()); var fbFormN_telephone_change = $.trim($("#fbFormN_telephone_change").val()); var fbFormN_password_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_password_phone_chnage").val()); var fbForm_customerId = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val());
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "json", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=talkback_phone_change&email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email_phone_chnage)+"&customer_id="+fbForm_customerId+"&password="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_password_phone_chnage)+"&telephone="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_telephone_change), error: function(){ }, success: function(data){ if (data.code == 1) { $("#commentError_email_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#fbFormN_email_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#commentError_telephone_change").hide(); $("#fbFormN_telephone_change").hide(); $("#commentError_password_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#fbFormN_password_phone_chnage").hide(); $("#commentsForm_sms_change_veryfy").hide();
$("#fbFormN_sms_change_Ver").show(); $("#commentsForm_sms_send_change_veryfy").show();
setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } else { setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } } }); }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function commentsForm_phone_change_sms_verify() { var fbFormN_email_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_email_phone_chnage").val()); var fbFormN_telephone_change = $.trim($("#fbFormN_telephone_change").val()); var fbFormN_password_phone_chnage = $.trim($("#fbFormN_password_phone_chnage").val()); var fbFormN_sms_change_Ver = $.trim($("#fbFormN_sms_change_Ver").val()); var fbForm_customerId = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val());
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "json", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=talkback_phone_change_sms_verify&email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email_phone_chnage)+"&customer_id="+fbForm_customerId+"&password="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_password_phone_chnage)+"&telephone="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_telephone_change)+"&code="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_sms_change_Ver), error: function(){ }, success: function(data){ if (data.code == 1) { $("#commentError_sms_change_ver").hide(); $("#fbFormN_sms_change_Ver").hide(); $("#commentsForm_sms_send_change_veryfy").hide(); $("#change_phonenumber").hide();
$('#comment_login_form').show();
setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } else { setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } } }); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////// function commentsForm_sms_verify() { var fbFormN_firstName = $.trim($("#fbFormN_firstName").val()); var fbFormN_surname = $.trim($("#fbFormN_surname").val()); var fbFormN_telephone = $.trim($("#fbFormN_telephone").val()); var fbFormN_email = $.trim($("#fbFormN_email").val()); var fbForm_customerId = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val()); var fbForm_storyId = $.trim($("#fbForm_storyId").val()); var fbFormN_smsVer = $.trim($("#fbFormN_smsVer").val());
var hasErrors = false;
if (!hasErrors) {
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "json", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=talkback_sms_verify&fbFormN_firstName="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_firstName)+"&fbFormN_surname="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_surname)+"&email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email)+"&telefone="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_telephone)+"&code="+ fbFormN_smsVer +"&customer_id="+fbForm_customerId+"&story_id="+encodeURIComponent(fbForm_storyId), error: function(){ }, success: function(data){ if (data.code == 0) { setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } else { $("#commentLogin").hide(); $("#sms_verify").hide(); $("#fbFormN_smsVer").hide(); $("#commentsForm_sms_veryfy").hide();
setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } } }); } }
////////////////////////////////////////// //swissnoise quiva function auto_login_quiva(data) { console.log("quiva login start"); var user = { "remoteId": data.uid, "username": data.user.email, "password": data.pcr, "email": data.user.email, "firstName": data.user.first_name, "lastName": data.user.last_name, "zipCode": data.user.post_code, "locality": data.user.city, "phoneNumber": data.user.mobile_number }; whatif.login(user).always(function() {
}); console.log("quiva login done"); } //END swissnoise quiva
function auto_login_email(data) {
$(".commentFBlogin").hide();
$(".commentOhnelogin").hide();
var html = '';
var name = data.user.first_name +' '+ data.user.last_name;
html += 'Bienvenue, '+ name +'
';
html += 'Soumettre Commentaire';
html += 'Déconnecter
';
html += 'Gérer le profil';
html += '';
html += '';
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").html(html);
set_logged_in_cookie(data);
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").show();
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function commentsForm_send_noFb() { var fbForm_message = $.trim($("#fbForm_message").val()); fbForm_message = fbForm_message.replace(/&/g, "+"); var fbForm_uri = $.trim($("#fbForm_uri").val()); var fbForm_storyId = $.trim($("#fbForm_storyId").val()); var fbForm_ip = $.trim($("#fbForm_ip").val());
var is_logged_in = false; if ($("#is_logged_in").length) { is_logged_in = true; }
var fbFormN_firstName = $.trim($("#fbFormN_firstName").val()); var fbFormN_surname = $.trim($("#fbFormN_surname").val()); var fbFormN_zip = $.trim($("#fbFormN_zip").val()); var fbFormN_location = $.trim($("#fbFormN_location").val()); var fbFormN_email = $.trim($("#fbFormN_email").val()); var fbForm_msgID = $.trim($("#fbForm_msgID").val()); // if this value is > 0, its a reply-to-another-comment message if ($("#fbFormN_password").length) { var fbFormN_password = $.trim($("#fbFormN_password").val()); } if ($("#fbFormN_password_confirm").length) { var fbFormN_password_confirm = $.trim($("#fbFormN_password_confirm").val()); }
var fbFormN_gotcha = $.trim($("#fbFormN_gotcha").val());
var hasErrors = false;
var messageReg = fbForm_message.length > 1; var nameReg = !(fbFormN_firstName.match(/(*)/)) && !(fbFormN_surname.match(/(*)/)) && fbFormN_firstName.length > 1 && fbFormN_surname.length > 1; // dont check for ZIP, cause of foreign countries //var locReg = !(fbFormN_zip.match(/(*)/)) && !(fbFormN_location.match(/(*)/)) && fbFormN_zip.length > 1 && fbFormN_location.length > 1; var locReg = !(fbFormN_location.match(/(*)/))&& fbFormN_location.length > 1; var emailRegObj = /^((a-zA-Z0-9_.-))+@((a-zA-Z0-9_.-))+.((a-zA-Z))+((a-zA-Z))+/; // /^((a-zA-Z0-9_.-+))+@(((a-zA-Z0-9-))+.)+((a-zA-Z0-9){2,4})+$/; var password_params = '';
$("#commentError_name").hide(); $("#commentError_location").hide(); $("#commentError_email").hide(); $("#commentError_password").hide(); $("#commentError_message").hide(); $("#commentError_disclaimer").hide(); $(".disclaimerText").hide();
if (messageReg == false) { $("#commentError_message").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (nameReg == false) { $("#commentError_name").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (locReg == false) { $("#commentError_location").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if(emailRegObj.test(fbFormN_email) == false){ $("#commentError_email").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (fbFormN_gotcha.length > 1) { hasErrors = true; }
if (!($('#disclaimerConfirmBtn').is(':checked'))) { $("#commentError_disclaimer").show(); $(".disclaimerText").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (!hasErrors) {
$("#commentsForm_send").attr("disabled", "true"); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").attr("disabled", "true"); save_form_to_cookie('comment_form_input');
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "html", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=sendComment&fbFormN_firstName="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_firstName)+"&fbFormN_surname="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_surname)+"&fbFormN_zip="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_zip)+"&fbFormN_location="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_location)+"&fbFormN_email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email)+"&fbForm_uri="+encodeURIComponent(fbForm_uri)+"&fbForm_storyId="+fbForm_storyId+"&fbForm_ip="+fbForm_ip+"&fbForm_message="+encodeURIComponent(fbForm_message)+"&fbForm_msgID="+fbForm_msgID, error: function(){ }, success: function(){ $("#commentLogin").hide(); $("#fbForm_message").hide(); $("#fbForm_message_count_class").hide(); $("#commentError_message").hide(); $("#commentInfo_Fb").hide(); $("#commentsForm_send").hide(); $("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").hide(); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").hide(); $("#disclaimerConfirm").hide(); $("#commentInfo_noFb").show(); } }); } }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function commentsForm_send_email() { var fbForm_message = $.trim($("#fbForm_message").val()); fbForm_message = fbForm_message.replace(/&/g, "+"); var fbForm_uri = $.trim($("#fbForm_uri").val()); var fbForm_storyId = $.trim($("#fbForm_storyId").val()); var fbForm_customerId = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val()); var fbForm_ip = $.trim($("#fbForm_ip").val()); var login_email_token = $.trim($("#login_email_token").val());
var is_logged_in = false; if ($("#is_logged_in").length) { is_logged_in = true; }
var fbFormN_email = $.trim($("#login_email_email").val()); var fbForm_msgID = $.trim($("#fbForm_msgID").val()); // if this value is > 0, its a reply-to-another-comment message
var fbFormN_gotcha = $.trim($("#fbFormN_gotcha").val());
var hasErrors = false;
var messageReg = fbForm_message.length > 1;
$("#commentError_name").hide(); $("#commentError_location").hide(); $("#commentError_email").hide(); $("#commentError_password").hide(); $("#commentError_message").hide(); $("#commentError_disclaimer").hide(); $(".disclaimerText").hide();
if (messageReg == false) { $("#commentError_message").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (fbFormN_gotcha.length > 1) { hasErrors = true; }
if (!($('#disclaimerConfirmBtn').is(':checked'))) { $("#commentError_disclaimer").show(); hasErrors = true; }
if (!hasErrors) { $("#commentsForm_send").attr("disabled", "true"); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").attr("disabled", "true"); commentNotSent = false;
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST", dataType: "json", cache: false, url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html", async: true, data: "action=send_comment_email&fbForm_uri="+encodeURIComponent(fbForm_uri)+"&fbForm_storyId="+fbForm_storyId+"&customer_id="+fbForm_customerId+"&fbForm_ip="+fbForm_ip+"&fbForm_message="+encodeURIComponent(fbForm_message)+"&fbForm_msgID="+fbForm_msgID+"&email="+encodeURIComponent(fbFormN_email)+"&token="+login_email_token, error: function(){ }, success: function(data){ if (data.code == 1) { $("#commentLogin").hide(); $("#fbForm_message").hide(); $("#fbForm_message_count_class").hide(); $("#commentError_message").hide(); $("#commentError_name").hide(); $("#commentError_location").hide(); $("#commentError_email").hide(); $("#commentError_disclaimer").hide(); $(".disclaimerText").hide(); $("#commentInfo_noFb").hide(); $("#commentsForm_send").hide(); $("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").hide(); $("#disclaimerConfirm").hide(); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").hide(); $("#commentInfo_noFb").show(); $("#commentSendLoading").hide(); $("#commentInfo_Notice").hide(); $("#manageAccount").hide(); } else if (data.code == 2) { setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass); } } }); } }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////// // some jquery UI functions function fbLoginDisplay(loginState) { $(document).ready(function(){ if (loginState == true) { $(".notloggedToFacebook").hide(); $(".loggedToFacebook").show(); $('#commentsForm_send_noFb').hide(); $('#commentsForm_send').show(); $("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").show(); $(".recommendCommentFacebook").show(); } else { $(".loggedToFacebook").hide(); $(".notloggedToFacebook").show(); $('#commentsForm_send').hide(); $('#commentsForm_send_noFb').show(); $("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").hide(); $(".recommendCommentFacebook").hide(); if ($("#commentLoggedInEmail").length) { $("#commentLoggedInEmail").show(); } }}); }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function fbDomInsert(username, uid, token) { $(document).ready(function(){ $("#fbUserRealName").html(username); var imgHtml= ""; $("#fbUserProfilePicture").html(imgHtml);
$("#fbForm_realName").val(username); $("#fbForm_userId").val(uid); $("#fbForm_userToken").val(token); }); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////// function loginDrop() { $(document).ready(function(){ $('#commentLogin').slideDown(); $("textarea#fbForm_message").attr("rows", 6); $("#commentsForm_send").removeAttr("disabled"); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").attr("disabled", ""); $("#commentsForm_send_email").removeAttr("disabled"); $("#fbForm_message").val(""); $('#fbForm_message').removeAttr("onclick"); }); } /////////////////////////////////////////////////// function doOnFbConnect() { $(".recommendCommentFacebook").show(); // for comments below: display checkbox to choose if recommended comments get published on facebook }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////// function log(msg){ if (typeof console === 'undefined') { return false; } else { return true; } }
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // main
// fb auth var fbAccessToken = ''; var fbUserID = ''; var fbUserName = ''; FBcomments.initFb(); var nnFBloggedIn = check_nnCookie(); if (nnFBloggedIn == true) { fbLoginDisplay(true);
} else { fbLoginDisplay(false); }
function inputFocus(thisFor, thisClass) { $('#'+ thisFor).focus(function() { $('.'+ thisClass).animate({ opacity: "0" }, "fast"); }).blur(function() { if($(this).val() == "") { $('.'+ thisClass).animate({ opacity: "1" }, "fast"); } }); }
//// some more jquery stuff $(document).ready(function(){ read_logged_in_cookie();
// hide 'populär auf facebook' widget in sideline //$("#fb_activityFeed").hide();
$("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").hide();
$('#fbFormN_password_login').keypress(function(e){ if (e.which == 13){ e.preventDefault(); $(this).blur(); $('#commentsForm_post_confirmed').focus().click(); return false; } });
$('#fbFormN_smsVer').keypress(function(e){ if (e.which == 13){ e.preventDefault(); $(this).blur(); $('#commentsForm_sms_veryfy').focus().click(); return false; } });
// Bind to set the fadeout of form labels when clicked or focused $('.sbsLabel label').each(function () { var thisFor = $(this).attr('for'); var thisClass = $(this).attr('class'); inputFocus(thisFor, thisClass); });
// some form display handling $('#disclaimerButtonShow').bind('click', function(){ $('.disclaimerText').show(); $('#disclaimerButtonShow').css('display','none'); $('#disclaimerButtonHide').css('display','inline'); }); $('#disclaimerButtonHide').bind('click', function(){ $('.disclaimerText').hide(); $('#disclaimerButtonHide').css('display','none'); $('#disclaimerButtonShow').css('display','inline'); });
// display login data on start if ($("#fbUserRealName").html()) { if ($("#fbUserRealName").html().length >= 2){ // && $("textarea#fbForm_message").attr("rows") > 2 $("#fbCommentPublishCheckbox").show(); } }
// clear textarea $("#fbForm_message").val('');
// submit buttons , disable on on reload $("#commentsForm_send").attr("disabled", "true"); $("#commentsForm_send_noFb").attr("disabled", "true");
// set checkboxes $('#fbForm_publishOnFB').attr('checked', true); $('.recommendCommentPublishOnFb').attr('checked', true); $('#disclaimerConfirmBtn').attr('checked', false);
// fixes a tiny bug: if values are prefilled on reload they should not be grey
var myFbFormIds = ('fbFormN_firstName', 'fbFormN_surname', 'fbFormN_zip', 'fbFormN_location', 'fbFormN_email', 'fbFormN_password', 'fbFormN_password_confirm');
for (var ii=0;ii < myFbFormIds.length; ii++) {
if ($("#"+myFbFormIds(ii)).length) {
if (!($("#"+myFbFormIds(ii)).val().match(/(*)/))) {
$("#"+myFbFormIds(ii)).css('color','#000000');
};
}
}
$('.comment_signup_form_toggle').live('click', function(){
$('#comment_signup_form').toggle('slow');
$('#comment_login_form').toggle('slow');
return false;
});
$('.comment_form_forgot_password').live('click', function(){
$('#comment_password_reset_form').toggle('slow');
$('#comment_login_form').toggle('slow');
return false;
});
$('.emailLogoutButton').live('click', function() {
delete_cookie('comment_login_details_email');
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").html('');
$("#manageAccount").html('');
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").hide();
$(".commentFBlogin").show();
$(".commentOhnelogin").show();
});
$('#show_update_phone').live('click', function() {
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").html('');
$("#manageAccount").html('');
$("#commentLoggedInEmail").hide();
$("#comment_login_form").hide();
$("#change_phonenumber").show();
$(".commentOhnelogin").show();
});
$('#commentsForm_send_email').live('click', function() {
if (commentNotSent) {
commentsForm_send_email();
}
});
$('#emailManageAccount').live('click', function () {
var customer_id = $.trim($("#fbForm_customerId").val());
var login_email_email = $.trim($("#login_email_email").val());
var login_email_token = $.trim($("#login_email_token").val());
jQuery.ajax({ type: "POST",
dataType: "json",
cache: false,
url: "/community/talkback_ajax.html",
async: true,
data: "action=login_manage_account&customer_id="+customer_id+"&email="+encodeURIComponent(login_email_email)+"&token="+login_email_token,
error: function(){ },
success: function(data){
if (data.code == 0) {
setMessageBox(data.message, data.addclass);
}
else if (data.code == 1) {
$('#manageAccount').html(data.message);
$('#manageAccount').show();
}
}
});
});
});